Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2002) - Svalbard (2003)

Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2002) z Svalbard (2003)

	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2002)	Svalbard (2003)

Age structure	-	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.)
Airports	none (2001)	4 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area	total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of some nine islands	total: 62,049 sq km land: 62,049 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Rhode Island	slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background	The islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. The famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. The islands have large bird and seal populations and, recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 NM to 200 NM around each island.	First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate	-	NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $11.5 million expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Capital	-	Longyearbyen
Climate	variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow	arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline	NA km	3,587 km
Constitution	adopted 3 October 1985	-
Country name	conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Currency	-	Norwegian krone (NOK)
Death rate	-	NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II; Grytviken, formerly a whaling station on South Georgia, is a scientific base	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	-
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	-
Disputes - international	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands occupied briefly by Argentina in 1982; islands continue to be claimed by Argentina	despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Economic aid - recipient	-	$8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview	Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting fin fish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly.	Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	NA kWh
Electricity - production	NA kWh	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%	fossil fuel: 58% hydro: 42% nuclear: 0% other: 0%
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m	lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	-	Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates	-	Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Morten RUUD (since NA November 1998) and Assistant Governor Odd Redar HUMLEGAARD (since NA) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports	-	$NA
Flag description	the flag of the UK is used	the flag of Norway is used
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate	-	NA%
Geographic coordinates	54 30 S, 37 00 W	78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note	the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 21st century, live on South Georgia	northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area
Highways	-	total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	$NA
Independence	-	none (territory of Norway)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Infant mortality rate	-	total: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	NA%
International organization participation	-	none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	13 (Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Labor force	-	NA
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (1998 est.)
Languages	-	Russian, Norwegian
Legal system	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court	NA
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2003 est.)
Literacy	-	NA
Location	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America	Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references	Antarctic Region	Arctic Region
Maritime claims	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia territorial sea: 4 NM
Merchant marine	-	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)
National holiday	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)	NA
Natural hazards	the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism	ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources	fish	coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate	-	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2002 est.)	2,811 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	-0.02% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Grytviken	Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden
Radio broadcast stations	0 (2003)	AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	-	0 km
Sex ratio	-	NA (2003 est.)
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken	general assessment: probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	NA
Television broadcast stations	0 (2003)	NA
Terrain	most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes	wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate	-	NA children born/woman (2003 est.)
Waterways	none	none

Sitemap: Compare countries listing (map site) | Country listing (map site)
Links: Add to favorites | Information about this website | Stats | Polityka prywatnosci
This page was generated in ##czas## s. Size this page: ##rozmiar_strony## kB.